In November 2012, the U.S. Marine Corps announced a policy change to the female Physical Fitness Test (PFT), replacing the flexed arm hang with pull-ups. This change, which became effective on January 1, 2017, aimed to standardize fitness requirements and facilitate gender integration into combat roles. Musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) are a leading cause of medical encounters and non-deployability among service members. Upper extremity (UE) injuries are particularly relevant given the physical demands of pull-ups. A retrospective open cohort study was conducted using healthcare encounter and claims data from the Military Health System Data Repository (MDR) from fiscal years 2010–2023. ICD-9 and ICD-10 codes were used to identified incident cases UE injuries in female Marines. To ensure follow-up care was not captured as incident cases, only UE MSKI encounters at least 60-days apart per person were captured and used in analysis. Single and multigroup interrupted time series analyses were used to assess changes in injury rates overall surrounding the PFT policy change, and stratified by age, race and ethnicity, rank, and body mass index (BMI) category. Female Marines who experienced a birth one year prior to or anytime during the study were excluded. Statistical significance was determined as p<0.05. The overall trend of UE MSKIs decreased both before and after the PFT policy change. The immediate change post-policy showed no significant changes in UE MSKIs among female Marines at the time of intervention (b2=-12.97, p=0.0761). However, specific groups experienced significant decreases in MSKI rates at the intervention: female Marines ages 20-29 years (b2=-13.76, p=0.0156), those of Black race (b2=-31.14, p=0.0015), junior enlisted ranks (b2=-15.16, p=0.0158), and those with overweight BMI (b2=-18.03, p=0.0284). The findings highlight positive impacts of the PFT policy change on reducing MSKI rates among specific subgroups of female Marines. These results inform future policy adjustments aimed at mitigating injury risks while promoting operational readiness across diverse demographics.