Medicare began funding graduate medical education (GME) in 1965. Much of this funding focuses on hospitals that serve adult patients, creating a disparity in federal funding for children’s hospitals and non-hospital sites such as teaching health centers that provide primary care. Health Resources and Services Administration's (HRSA) Bureau of Health Workforce (BHW) focuses on strengthening the health workforce for communities in need. Within the Division of Medicine and Dentistry are two unique programs that specifically address primary care shortages through funding graduate medical education. The Teaching Health Center Graduate Medical Education (THCGME) Program, authorized by Section 340H of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C § 256h), provides funding to community-based primary care medical and dental accredited residency programs. The Children's Hospital Graduate Medical Education (CHGME) Payment Program, authorized by Section 340E of the Public Health Service Act (42 U.S.C. § 256e), supports graduate medical education in freestanding children’s teaching hospitals to train physicians across multiple specialties and to provide quality care to vulnerable and underserved children. Since the THCGME program began in FY 2010, 2,368 new primary care physicians and dentists graduated into the workforce. In Academic Year 2023, the program funded the training of over 1,096 residents in 81 community-based residency programs across 24 states. Unlike traditional primary care residencies, 60% of THCGME graduates remain in primary care settings after graduation and over 50% of them in medically underserved and/or rural communities. In one academic year, about 1 million patients received care from THCGME residents during more than 1.4 million patient encounters. The CHGME Payment Program currently supports 59 free-standing children’s hospitals nationwide – covering 29 states, Washington DC, and Puerto Rico, helping these hospitals provide care for low-income children across the country. This program increases the number of pediatric, pediatric subspecialty, and non-pediatric residents/physicians trained in medically underserved communities. Annual CHGME funding aids in the training of 56% of all general pediatrics residents and over half (54%) of all pediatric sub-specialty residents and fellows in the United States. In one academic year this program supported 5.5 million patient contact hours for children in medically underserved communities. Graduate medical education programs significantly improve access to care for communities while simultaneously addressing long-term concerns regarding health workforce shortages. Continued annual appropriations for the CHGME Payment Program will support clinical training to continue developing and maintaining a skilled pediatric workforce, addressing physician workforce shortages, and increasing optimal health in underserved communities across the nation. THCGME programs re-envision graduate medical education in the United States, moving it out of hospitals and into communities and projected savings in health care costs.