Since 1775, the United States Marine Corps (USMC) has been pivotal within United States military operations, though the integration of women has been gradual. Women first entered the Marine Corps during World War I, beginning with Opha May Johnson and 304 others in administrative and recruiting roles. During World War II, thousands of women rejoined and were made permanent members of the Corps through the Women’s Armed Services Integration Act of 1948. Despite this progress, the USMC has historically been the most resistant branch to full gender integration. The 1994 Combat Exclusion Policy limited women from serving in direct combat roles until its eventual repeal in 2013. By 2016, all military occupational specialties, including those in the ground combat element (GCE), were opened to women. Although the proportion of women in the Armed Forces has steadily risen, the Marine Corps continues to have the lowest representation of active-duty women among all service branches. Those serving in combat arms confront unique cultural and physical challenges, raising questions about potential risks for musculoskeletal injuries (MSKIs) and behavioral health (BH) concerns. Prior studies have examined these issues among servicewomen broadly, but none have focused specifically on female Marines serving in non-ground combat and ground combat operations. This study addresses this gap by evaluating the prevalence and risk of MSKIs and BH diagnoses among female Marines in both combat and non-combat occupational specialties. Retrospective open cohort study of all active-duty females in the U.S. Marine Corps (USMC) in either the GCE or non-GCE military occupational specialties from 2016 to 2023. ICD10 codes were used to identify all USMC females with a diagnosis for musculoskeletal injury (MSKI), behavioral health (BH) disorder, or both during the study period. Any woman giving birth in the year prior or anytime during the study period were excluded from the study. Study analyses included descriptive statistics on patient demographics and clinical characteristics, and multivariable logistic regressions, with 95% confidence intervals, were used to assess associations with MSKI diagnosis and behavioral health disorder. A total of 30,280 active-duty female Marines were identified for inclusion between January 2016 to December 2023; of whom 218 (0.72%) were in the GCE. The distribution of demographics for female Marines in a GCE were dissimilar to the total cohort. The majority of females in the GCE were between the ages of 18-23 (58.72%), but there was also a higher proportion of women between the ages of 24-29 (29.36%) compared to the total cohort (12.20%). Women in a GCE were also predominantly of White race (70.64% compared to 48.26% in the total cohort); and in an enlisted rank (78.90%) and a higher distribution of officers than in the total cohort (21.10% compared to 6.61%, respectively). Overall, the prevalence of women in a GCE increased over the study period, from 16.9 per 1,000 in 2016 to 21.5 per 1,000 in 2023. We did observe a steep decrease in 2017 (from 16.9 to 6.8 per 1,000), however the occupation rate rebounded in 2018 to 16.1 per 1,000 and continued to increase over the remainder of the study period. When testing the association of MSKI and BH disorder with the GCE occupations we observed no significant risk of MSKI (OR=1.09, 95% CI=0.80 – 1.49) or BH disorder (OR=0.96, 95% CI=0.70 – 1.30), and these results remained stable after adjustment for the interaction between age and rank. This study observed an increase in female Marines in a ground combat occupational specialty since January 2016. During this time, this study found no significant association between the ground combat element and the risk for MSKI or BH disorder. These findings contrast with the decreased risk for MSKI and BH disorder reported in prior research on women in the GCE in the Army.