Name
#40 Breathtaking Bleed: Integrating Oncological Complexity and Trauma Principles for Prioritized Airway and Hemostasis Management
Content Presented On Behalf Of:
Air Force
Session Type
Poster
Date
Tuesday, March 3, 2026
Start Time
5:00 PM
End Time
7:00 PM
Location
Prince Georges Expo Hall E
Focus Areas/Topics
Clinical Care
Learning Outcomes
1. Stratify hemorrhage risk based on tumor type, laryngeal/hypopharyngeal sites, and hemodynamic instability utilizing HNSCC risk data
2. Evaluate parallels in hemostasis across trauma and oncology crises
3. Propose refined crisis protocols for complex anatomy
Session Currently Live
Description
Introduction: Hemorrhage in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) can be catastrophic and is often managed reactively as a "difficult airway." Current literature identifies specific high-risk patients: advanced T-category (T3/T4) tumors, laryngeal/hypopharyngeal sites, and those with hemodynamic instability. Separate from more common manifestations of HNSCC, the anatomic location of the base of tongue is an extraordinarily uncommon extranodal site of diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Yet DLBCL of the oropharynx is also capable of precipitating airway collapse and massive hemorrhage. These acute events are traditionally managed within medical oncology protocols, but the physiology of rapid bleeding and the anatomical distortion of the airway invite parallels to combat trauma response algorithms. We employ a case of a 27-year-old active-duty male with base-of-tongue DLBCL hemorrhage as a benchmark for current management of oncologic airway emergencies within established trauma literature. Even before initiation of any lymphoma-directed therapy, acute hemoptysis leading to airway obstruction was successfully managed with immediate application of peripheral and topical tranexamic acid (TXA), followed by tracheostomy in the OR. Methods: We juxtaposed oncology care standards with trauma algorithms such as MARCH, particularly focusing on domains of trauma doctrine such as hemostasis, hemodynamic stability and airway safety. Discussion: Dedicated protocols exist for planned HNSCC airway management, but there is potential room to include algorithmic sequencing during acute decompensation. Furthermore, airway protocols for patients with hematologic malignancies have yet to be defined due to their rarity. Bidirectional research can synthesize approaches in both fields. Trauma evidence for prioritizing physiological stabilization can be leveraged to inform crisis sequencing from a hemorrhaging tumor in a high-risk location. For instance, fluid or blood resuscitation and early hemostasis with TXA to prevent shock prior to intubation are known strategies, but can be established frameworks. Conversely, complexities of the oncological airway can be leveraged to refine the 'Airway' step (A in MARCH) in general trauma protocols, particularly for complex oropharyngeal, maxillofacial or neck injuries. For instance, the challenges of managing fragile vasculature in carotid blowout syndrome for HNSCC patients post-surgery or radiation can provide helpful feedback to trauma health systems regarding specialized interventions for non-compressible vascular trauma. Results: Cross-communication of management protocols can potentially help decrease the variability in acute crisis response and offer nuanced refinements to generalized trauma resuscitation guidelines. In addition to raising awareness of the risk of massive catastrophic hemorrhage from head and neck malignancies, this case also highlights the importance of keeping oncologic care for such cases within the MTFs as this case fulfilled KSAs for otolaryngologists, blood bank, surgeons, the intensive care unit, and rapid response teams, contributing to wartime readiness.