Beryllium exposure presents an occupational hazard in some military workplace settings. Both exposure and a servicepersons genetic susceptibility play important roles in the development of beryllium health effects including beryllium sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). Servicepersons exposed to aerosols or particulate generated by the production or alteration of beryllium-containing materials are at risk for beryllium sensitization (BeS) and chronic beryllium disease (CBD). The risk of BeS and CBD varies by workplace and by exposure level. Prevalence’s of up to at least 16% for BeS and 11% for CBD have been documented in previous studies. OSHA recognized the significance of beryllium exposure and the need for reduced exposures and updated regulation and finalized 29 CFR 1910.1024 in March 2017. The standard is comprehensive and encompasses all aspects of a beryllium exposure control program. Current OSHA regulations provide comprehensive information for reducing risk from beryllium exposure in the workplace. Exposure monitoring, development of an exposure control program, training and appropriate signage are some of the additional elements addressed in the standard. The medical surveillance requirements as defined in the OSHA 1910.1024 will be defined. Although some of the medical surveillance exam requirements are common in many exams for OSHA recognized respiratory hazards, the beryllium lymphocyte proliferation test (BeLPT) is unique and is recognized as critical in identifying workers with beryllium sensitization (BeS). The BeLPT is a complicated cell-culture based test. It requires very specific laboratory equipment and skilled laboratory technicians. The test is currently performed at three facilities in the United States. All three laboratories are CLIA certified. The test is performed on blood cells, grown up over four to six days, cells exposed to positive controls, beryllium antigen on no additives. By comparing the rate of growth between cells stimulated with beryllium compared to unstimulated cells, the laboratory can determine whether an individual is sensitized to beryllium. Appropriate use of the BeLPT in beryllium medical surveillance including test interpretation and follow-up when non-normal results are returned are critical in identifying personnel with beryllium sensitization (BeS). Servicepersons with BeS need additional clinical follow-up to ensure they have not progressed to chronic beryllium disease (CBD) The BeLPT is an immunologic test that determines whether an individual is sensitized to beryllium. This is an immunologic state, no symptoms are associated with BeS, however, workers with BeS are at risk of developing chronic beryllium disease (CBD). CBD is a usually slow developing chronic granulomatous lung disease causing symptoms including dry cough, fatigue, and chest tightness. More severe symptoms include fever and night sweats, and weight loss. Currently it is not known whether additional beryllium exposure will worsen disease and so medical removal or exposure as low as achievable with respiratory protection provided is prudent. Recognizing beryllium exposure and the medical surveillance components necessary to keep service personnel safe is an important component of a health and safety program. Information obtained from beryllium medical surveillance is also the workplace more broadly providing information about the work area and task specific exposure risk.