Introduction: Physical endurance and the ability to delay fatigue can be improved, not only by continuous physical training and ways to enhance O2 delivery, but also by supplements that are considered ergogenic. Studies have demonstrated the ergogenic potential of sodium bicarbonate. Its buffer capacity in neutralizing intra- and extracellular acidity, caused by physiological muscle metabolism, makes it a potential supplement as well as an important topic of ongoing research about sports and physical performance, recovery, and nutrition. Materials and Methods: A review of the literature was conducted in PubMed using search words such as: “sodium bicarbonate”; “sport supplementation”; “physical performance enhancement”; “fatigue”; “muscle fatigue”; “muscle acidity”; “physical endurance”; “ergogenic supplements”, ”, “bicarbonate side effects” to analyze the ergogenic potential and possible side effects of sodium bicarbonate. The study's inclusion criteria included clinical studies published in English; studies involving human subjects; studies published in peer-reviewed journals since 1984. The exclusion criteria included animal studies and articles irrelevant to the main topic. Results: The literature search showed that sodium bicarbonate has the potential to increase strength, total work capacity, and various other factors related to physical performance. It has been shown to improve muscular endurance and time to exhaustion, which can lead to enhancement of athletic performance in interval training and high-intensity exercise. It furthermore showed insignificant side effects when the administration of sodium bicarbonate solutions is coherent with the recommended dose. Conclusions: From this review, by incorporating it into a daily diet, sodium bicarbonate has the potential to enhance physical performance while reducing muscle soreness, fatigue and physical injuries associated with acidic muscles.