Maternal mental health conditions (MMH; i.e., mental health conditions during pregnancy and the year following pregnancy) are the most common complication of pregnancy and childbirth (Fawcett et al., 2019), and the leading cause of maternal mortality, accounting for 22% of pregnancy-related deaths (CDC, 2025). MMH conditions impact 36% of service members who give birth, twice the rate of the civilian population (US Government Accountability Office [GAO], 2022); as a result, almost 40,000 military families are impacted by MMH conditions each year. Untreated MMH conditions can lead to long-term negative outcomes for mothers, babies, and families, costing the US $14 billion each year (Luca et al., 2020), and impacting unit and force readiness in the military. Uniformed service women (i.e., active duty, National Guard, and Reserve) and military spouses face increased risk for experiencing MMH conditions and barriers to accessing care, including military culture values (e.g., mission-first, mental and physical fitness) and life events (e.g., operational tempo, deployments, frequent mobility), availability of specialty care, and fear that acknowledging mental health conditions will negatively impact their readiness and service career; or for spouses, that of their service member. Previous researchers identified MMH as a major gap in military women’s health research and found inadequate clinical resources for uniformed women, in particular (Cazares et al., 2021). We reviewed current research that evidenced key recommendations on improving MMH prevention and intervention among military mothers, increasing resources to military spouses, and training military providers to screen and treat these conditions. We outline implications to guide future research and policy development regarding MMH in direct support of force health and operational readiness in the US military.