The purpose of this model is to determine whether perfused cadaveric cephalus can be used to create a realistic orbital hemorrhage model for lateral canthotomy/cantholysis training and improve the confidence of medical professionals performing the procedure. Ophthalmology (n=8) and non-ophthalmology (n=9; N=17 total) participants each performed lateral canthotomy/cantholysis on perfused and non-perfused fresh human cadaveric cephali in a counterbalanced design. Orbital hemorrhage was simulated in the perfused cephalus by lysing the ethmoidal arteries in the orbit and perfusing via the ipsilateral common carotid artery. Intraocular pressure, orbital compartment pressure, and exophthalmometry in three orbits were measured before and during perfusion. Pressures were repeated after lateral canthotomy/cantholysis. Participants completed pre- and post-participation knowledge tests (0-4 scale), confidence ratings (where 1 = least confident and 5 = very confident), and surveys. Data were analyzed using ANOVA at p < .05. 0.Intraocular pressure and proptosis increased significantly from baseline to maximum (p < .05). Orbital compartment pressure followed a similar trajectory, but these changes were not significant (p > .05). After lateral canthotomy/cantholysis, the pressures returned to baseline. Participant confidence increased from 2.6 (SD = 1.3 on a 1-to-5 scale) pre-training to 4.3 (SD = 0.6) post-training (p < .0001). Participant knowledge of lateral canthotomy/cantholysis steps improved from 2.8 (SD = 1.3) pre- to 3.4 (SD = .6) post-training (p < .05). Participants rated the perfused model as more realistic than the non-perfused cephalus (p < .0001) and agreed the perfused model improved their comfort in performing lateral canthotomy/cantholysis (p < .05). All 17 participants strongly agreed that they would recommend the perfused model for lateral canthotomy/cantholysis training (p < .0001). The perfused cadaveric cephalus creates a more realistic orbital hemorrhage model for lateral canthotomy/cantholysis training compared to nonperfused cephalus. Combined, the present findings demonstrate the potential of the perfused cadaveric model for high-fidelity lateral canthotomy/cantholysis training.
2.Appreciate the limitations and features of current lateral canthotomy/cantholysis training models and the benefits of a novel perfused fresh cadaveric cephalus model.
3.Recognize that this perfused fresh cadaveric cephalus model simulates orbital compartment syndrome with subsequent reduction in intraocular pressure and orbital compartment pressure after lateral canthotomy/cantholysis.
4.Understand that perfused cadaveric cephalus can be used to create a realistic training model for lateral canthotomy/cantholysis and improve the confidence of medical professionals performing the procedure.