A report by the Department of Defense (DoD ) noted that, in 2021, 23% of the service members who died by suicide had experienced administrative or legal challenges. In response, the Suicide Prevention and Response Independent Review Committee recommended that the DoD seek to better understand the relationship between involvement with the criminal justice system and suicide risk and to implement relevant prevention and intervention strategies, if needed. Therefore, we conducted a rapid review to examine the association between criminal justice involvement and suicide attempts/deaths as well as to identify pertinent interventions. A rapid review is a specific method to synthesize evidence when it is not feasible to conduct a full-scale systematic review. This rapid review sought to answer three key questions: 1.Is there an association between criminal investigations or charges, including violations of the Uniform Code of Military Justice and Civilian Law, and suicide deaths and/or attempts? 2.Does the association between criminal investigations/charges and suicide deaths and/or attempts vary across different types of charges? 3.Are there any evidence-based interventions for mitigating suicide risk in those with criminal justice involvement? To address the first two questions, we searched PubMed from inception using a combination of keywords related to criminality, suicide, and observational study designs. For the third question, we searched the OVID Medline database for the time period spanning June 2021 to May 2023, leveraging the same methodology as a recent systematic review of suicide interventions for individuals involved with the criminal justice system (Carter et al., 2022). We dually screened articles for eligibility. For included studies, we dually extracted data. Any conflicts in screening or extraction were adjudicated through discussion. The PubMed search yielded fifty studies addressing the first and second key questions. Regarding the first question, most studies examined criminal justice involvement in general, combining investigations, charges, and arrests in the same metric. Criminal justice involvement was associated with higher rates of both suicide deaths and attempts, but the causal relationship could not be established because of problems with existing study methodology. The temporal relationship between criminal charges and suicide outcomes has been poorly established with many studies examining suicide outcomes up to a year after criminal charges. There was significant heterogeneity among studies pertaining to the second question. Most studies indicated an increased risk of suicide death for those convicted of violent and/or sexual offenses, while the relationship with suicide attempts was inconclusive. The literature search addressing the third key question yielded no additional studies to update the previous systematic review, which found no conclusive evidence on the effectiveness of suicide interventions for individuals involved with the criminal justice system. Areas for future research include a continued focus on types of criminal justice involvement and suicide outcomes and elucidation of the temporal relationship between suicide attempts and criminal justice involvement. Notably, the results of this rapid review indicate a need for effective suicide interventions for individuals involved with the criminal justice system.