Introduction: During wartime or other times of need, the military draws a significant portion of its medical capability not from active duty personnel, but from the Reserves and National Guard (the Reserve Component). The civilian sector similarly relies on reserve medical personnel, such as the Medical Reserve Corps (MRC) and Disaster Medical Assistance Teams (DMATs), to bolster medical capacity during times of significant demand. A large-scale combat operations (LSCO) scenario will likely create a need for both military and civilian reserve medical personnel to bolster the domestic civilian healthcare sector and care for the surge of combat casualties. In an effort to understand the medical staffing implications of LSCO or other medical surge events, this study gathered and analyzed data on the civilian employment of military Reserve Component medical and medical support personnel, along with credential and assignment data on civilian medical reserve personnel. Materials/Methods: This study described key trends in medical employment among both military and civilian medical reserve personnel. Military personnel data included medical licensure data provided by a non-profit organization specializing in the collection of provider credentials, along with survey data. Civilian personnel data included medical licensure data provided by each civilian medical reserve agency. Results: Key insights into the civilian medical employment of military and civilian medical reserve personnel will be presented, with a focus on potential capabilities gaps that domestic civilian, VA, and MHS healthcare systems could face during a large-scale, prolonged deployment of military and civilian reserve medical personnel. The results will assist both military and civilian healthcare planning and staffing efforts for LSCO or other medical surge events.