Background The Warrior Care and Transition Program (WCTP) was created in 2007 to return injured soldiers to the active force. The ongoing mental health of soldiers returning to active service is unknown. Methods The Medication Operations Data System-Warrior Transition was used to identify WCT soldiers who returned to the force. WCT soldiers were matched with 3 controls on age, total time deployed, total time in active service, sex, race, rank, marital and parental status. ICD code identified mental health, alcohol/substance use and sleep disorders resulting in inpatient and outpatient care data extracted from the MDR. Soldiers were followed for two years after completing the WCT program, or upon exiting the military. Logistic regression determined the significant odds of care for each diagnosis category by WCT participation, Poisson regression analyses determined care rates; models accounted for time and adjusted for race. Results 9,048 WCT soldiers and 27,144 included controls were a median age of 28 years [IQR 23-35], previously deployed 359 days [IQR 183-625]), on active duty 6.2 years [IQR 3.0-13.2], 88% male, 55.6% White, 90.4% enlisted, 68.8% parents, and 70.6% married. A higher percentage of WCT soldiers received outpatient and inpatient care respectively for alcohol/substance abuse (20.5% vs 13.5%/6.2% vs. 2.3%, p<0.001), mental health (74.8% vs 14.9%/14.9% vs 4.8%, p<0.001), and sleep disorders (24.7% vs. 6.8%/0.5% vs 0.1%, p<0.001). Outpatient and inpatient rates of care respectively were also increased for WCT soldiers for alcohol/substance abuse (IRR 2.53 [95% CI 2.49-2.57]/IRR 2.64 [95% CI 2.40-2.92]), mental health (IRR 4.15 [95% CI 4.12-4.19]/IRR 3.24 [95% CI 3.08-3.42]), and sleep disorders (IRR 3.67 [95% CI 3.51-3.84]/IRR 3.86 [95% CI 2.34-6.37]) Conclusions The diagnoses examined, alcohol/substance use, mental health conditions and sleep disorders, are all indicators of poor health and well-being. Across the board, the percent of soldiers impacted and rates of care are increased for these conditions in soldiers who have returned to the active force after the WCT program. This suggests the need for ongoing supportive, and that early mental health care may help support well-being and ensure military readiness over the longer term.