Air transportation taken over by military operation for human-assistance or disaster-relief is usually done by rotor-aircraft, and partly by airplane. In Japan, hundreds of inhabited islands are there and severe patients who live in these islands are transported by Japan Self-Defense Force(JSDF) when capability of local government's emergency system is exceeded. In 1995, the historical event that led to the necessity of Nation-wide air-transport system occurred at Kansai region in western Japan, so called the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake. As a result, a large number of trauma patients occurred and over hundred people died from crush syndrome. From this background including government recognition for crisis response, Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron was established within the Japan Air Self-Defense Force(JASDF) in 2006 to take a key role of wide-area aeromedical evacuation system for purpose of severe patient’s transportation to outside from disaster-stricken areas. First mission transported by JASDF Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron was in 2011 originated from the Great East Japan Earthquake. Since beginning, JASDF Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron has achieved transport of 50 or more cases. The age of each case ranged from 0 to over 90 years old and purposes of transport were organ transplantation, intensive care for severe heart disease or trauma, and so on. In recent years, the number of transports by Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron tend to decrease. This may be because of shift to civil transport system induced from medical device evolutions. Even though, Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron will continue to carry out actual air-evacuate missions and annual training to keep the lives of severe patients who require highly specialized medical care. In this session, we present overview of JASDF Aeromedical Evacuation Squadron.